Safety device with collapsible housing and trigger activation

ABSTRACT

Drug delivery safety devices having trigger activation systems activated by pressure against the skin of a patient and which automatically shield the needle after withdrawing the needle from the skin of the patient.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) to U.S.Provisional Application No. 62/433,297, filed Dec. 13, 2016, thedisclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates generally to a drug delivery safetydevice having a passive trigger activation system, i.e., structure foractivation of the trigger which is engaged upon use of the drug deliverydevice to provide post-injection needle shielding without additionalintervention by the user.

BACKGROUND

Accidental needle sticks with a used needle can transmit disease. As aresult, most prior art needle assemblies have a needle shield. Someprior art needle shields define a rigid sleeve that is manuallytelescoped or rotated over a needle cannula after use. This procedureoften requires the healthcare worker to hold the syringe barrel in onehand and the shield in the other. Because some medical proceduresrequire the application of pressure to the penetration site after theneedle has been removed, healthcare workers are often unable to use bothhands for shielding the needle cannula. In these situations, workerswill deposit the used medical implement on a nearby surface with theintention of shielding the used needle at a more convenient time.However, until the needle is shielded or properly disposed of, itpresents a potential danger to other people.

As a further risk to healthcare workers, the additional post-injectionactivity required to manually shield a used needle, regardless ofwhether the procedure requires one hand or both hands, increases thelikelihood of an accidental needle stick. There is therefore a need forneedle shielding systems and devices which are triggered automaticallyupon use of the needle to treat a patient, thus avoiding any need forthe healthcare worker to take extra steps or further handle the medicaldevice to achieve safe shielding of the used needle. Such automaticshielding devices and mechanisms are often referred to as passivemedical safety devices or passive shielding systems. In particular,there is a need for passive needle safety devices which require lowerforce to trigger the shielding mechanism.

SUMMARY

A first aspect pertains to a drug delivery safety device comprising abody attached to a needle hub. The body encloses a rotating cam engagedin a slot through a sidewall of the body. The slot comprises threesegments: a proximal angled lead ramp, a ledge at the distal end of theangled lead ramp for seating the rotating cam, and an axial slot portiondistal to the ledge. The needle hub includes a needle cannula which issurrounded by a flexible housing. The flexible housing connects the bodyto a lock clip near the distal end of the needle cannula such that theneedle cannula is substantially covered by the flexible housing but thedistal tip of the cannula is exposed. The passive shielding system isactivated by a trigger mechanism comprising a first spring whichconnects the rotating cam to the lock clip and a second spring in thebody extending from the rotating cam proximally toward the needle hub.The first spring biases the lock clip distally and the second springbiases the rotating cam distally. The force applied to the rotating camby the second spring is sufficient to seat the rotating cam on the ledgeof the slot and to maintain its seated position prior to use of thecannula for injection.

In one or more embodiments, the first spring may surround the needlecannula within the flexible housing.

In one or more embodiments, the lock clip may be housed in a cap whichis attached to the flexible housing, the cap including an aperture topermit the cannula to pass therethrough.

When the drug delivery safety device is attached to a syringe and usedfor injection, a proximally-directed force greater than thedistally-directed force of the second spring is applied to the lockclip. Thus, the first spring is compressed, and the flexible housingretracts proximally. The proximal force also moves the lock clipproximally along the shaft of the cannula. This proximal force istypically applied when the exposed tip of the needle cannula is insertedinto the skin of a patient to the desired depth for administering aninjection. The proximal force overcomes the biasing force of the secondspring to move the rotating cam in a proximal direction, off of theledge and down the angled lead ramp. The angled surface of the angledlead ramp causes the rotating cam to rotate as it moves to the proximalend of the angled lead ramp. When the proximal force is subsequentlydecreased (as when the needle cannula is removed from the patient's skinafter completion of the injection) the first spring decompresses,allowing the second spring to again apply sufficient distal force to therotated rotating cam to move it distally along the axial slot portion.This force moves the lock clip in a distal direction past the distal tipof the needle cannula to cover the distal tip.

In one or more embodiments, the needle hub of the drug delivery safetydevice may be attached to the barrel of a syringe.

In one or more embodiments, the flexible housing may be a spring coil, abutterfly spring, a zig-zag coil or a rolled-sheet coil. In one or moreembodiments, the flexible housing may have slack when in thepre-injection extended position that permits further extension of theflexible housing post-injection to permit the lock clip to cover thedistal tip of the needle cannula.

In one or more embodiments, instead of two independent springs, thefirst and second springs may be composed of a single spring that is fedthrough the rotating cam.

In one or more embodiments, there are at least two slots in the body. Inone or more embodiments, there are two slots in the body on oppositesides of the body.

In one or more embodiments, the lock clip may be a hook clip whichcontacts the shaft of the needle cannula near the distal end and slidesproximally along its length as the needle cannula is inserted into thepatient's skin and the first spring is compressed. During the passiveshielding portion of the procedure (after removal of the needle cannulafrom the patient's skin), the hook clip moves distally along the needlecannula and past the distal tip so that the hook portion of the hookclip covers the distal tip.

In one or more embodiments, the lock clip may be comprised of twopieces, one on each side of the needle cannula and each having a contactpoint with the needle cannula surface. This lock clip functions in thepassive drug delivery safety device as discussed above with respect tothe hook clip, except that when the two-piece clip moves distally pastthe distal tip of the needle cannula, the two pieces close together tocover the distal tip.

In one or more embodiments, the drug delivery safety device may furthercomprise a removable sleeve which fits over the body to preventtriggering of the trigger mechanism. This feature allows the device tobe used to fill a syringe prior to injection without activating thepassive shielding system. The removable sleeve is removed after fillingof the syringe so that the passive shielding system becomes availablefor triggering when used to administer an injection. In one embodiment,the anti-triggering sleeve fits over the body and includes an interiorsurface having a protrusion (e.g., a ridge) which engages the axial slotportion of the slot, thereby preventing movement and rotation of therotating cam.

The anti-triggering system may further comprise a cap which is aremovable fill cap covering the exposed tip of the needle cannula. Priorto filling, both the anti-triggering cap and the fill cap may be presenton the device. To fill a syringe, the fill cap is removed. Because ofthe presence of the anti-triggering sleeve, a syringe can be filledmultiple times without triggering the passive safety mechanism. If it isdesired to transport the filled syringe or delay injection, the fill capcan optionally be re-attached. When it is desired to administer aninjection, the anti-triggering sleeve is removed (with the fill cap, ifpresent) to permit movement and rotation of the rotating cam.

A second aspect pertains to a drug delivery safety device comprising atrigger mechanism connecting a needle hub to a lock clip near the distalend of the needle cannula. A flexible housing surrounds the needlecannula and connects the needle hub to the lock clip such that theneedle cannula is substantially covered by the flexible housing but thedistal tip of the cannula is exposed. The passive shielding system isactivated by a trigger mechanism comprising a spring which connects theneedle hub to the lock clip. The device also includes a body whichengages the needle hub. The body has an inner cavity with proximal anddistal ends, and a Y-clip disposed in the inner cavity. First and secondarms of the Y-clip are held open by engagement with first and secondpockets at the distal end of the inner cavity as well as by distal forceexerted by the spring which biases the first and second arms toward the“splayed” or “open” position. The first and second arms of the Y-cliphave angled surfaces so that when they are moved toward each other(inwardly or toward a “closed” position) an axial vector force iscreated. In one or more embodiments the Y-clip may include at least twoprotrusions which function as travel stops to prevent the Y-clip fromleaving the body, thus setting the distance of distal travel of the lockclip.

In one or more embodiments, the spring may surround the needle cannulawithin the flexible housing.

In one or more embodiments, the lock clip may be housed in a cap whichis attached to the flexible housing, the cap including an aperture topermit the cannula to pass therethrough.

When the drug delivery safety device is used to administer an injection,a proximally-directed force applied to the lock clip compresses thespring distally. Compression of the spring retracts the flexible housingin a proximal direction and also moves the lock clip proximally alongthe needle cannula to expose more of the distal end of the needlecannula. This proximal force is typically applied when the exposed tipof the needle cannula is inserted into the skin of a patient to thedesired depth for administering an injection. The proximal force of thecompressed spring creates slack in the flexible housing, which allowsthe Y-clip to move proximally within the body to release the first andsecond arms from the first and second pockets of the body, and allowsthe first and second arms to move inwardly toward each other, creatingan axial vector force. When the proximal force is subsequently decreased(as when the needle cannula is removed from the patient's skin aftercompletion of the injection) the spring decompresses, and the axialvector force moves the lock clip distally past the distal tip of theneedle cannula to cover the distal tip.

In one or more embodiments, the needle hub of the drug delivery safetydevice may be attached to the barrel of a syringe.

In one or more embodiments, the flexible housing may be a spring coil, abutterfly spring, a zig-zag coil or a rolled-sheet coil. In one or moreembodiments, the flexible housing may have slack when in thepre-injection extended position that permits further extension of theflexible housing post-injection to permit the lock clip to cover thedistal tip of the needle cannula.

In one or more embodiments, the lock clip may be a hook clip whichcontacts the needle cannula near the distal end and slides proximallyalong its length as the needle cannula is inserted into the patient'sskin, compressing the spring. During the passive shielding portion ofthe procedure (after removal of the needle cannula from the patient'sskin), the hook clip moves distally along the needle cannula and pastthe distal tip so that the hook covers the distal tip.

In one or more embodiments, the lock clip may be comprised of twopieces, one on each side of the needle cannula and each having a contactpoint with the shaft of the needle cannula. This lock clip functions inthe passive drug delivery safety device as discussed above with respectto the hook clip, except that when the two-piece clip moves distallypast the distal tip of the needle cannula, the two pieces close togetherto cover the distal tip.

In one or more embodiments, the drug delivery safety device may furthercomprise a removable anti-triggering cap which fits over the body andprevents triggering of the trigger mechanism. This feature allows thedevice to be used to fill a syringe prior to injection withoutactivating the passive shielding system. The removable anti-triggeringcap is removed after filling of the syringe so that the passiveshielding system becomes available for triggering when used toadminister an injection. In one embodiment the cap may have an outerwall which fits over the exterior wall of the body and an interior wallwhich is positioned between the first and second legs of the Y-clip whenthe cap is placed over the body. The position of the interior wallbetween the first and second arms keeps the arms “splayed” or “open”even when the spring is compressed, thus preventing release of the firstand second arms from the first and second pockets when proximal force isapplied.

The anti-triggering system may further comprise a second cap which is aremovable fill cap covering the exposed tip of the needle cannula. Priorto filling, both the anti-triggering cap and the fill cap are present onthe device. To fill a syringe, the fill cap is removed. Because of thepresence of the anti-triggering cap, the syringe can be filled multipletimes without triggering the passive safety mechanism. If it is desiredto transport the filled syringe or delay injection, the fill cap canoptionally be re-attached. When it is desired to administer aninjection, the anti-triggering cap is removed (with the fill cap, ifpresent) to permit movement of the arms of the Y-clip.

A third aspect pertains to a drug delivery safety device comprising aneedle hub with a needle cannula, and at least two flexible arms axiallyadjacent to the needle cannula connecting a trigger housing near thedistal end of the cannula to the needle hub. The trigger housingincludes an aperture in the distal wall which permits the needle cannulato pass therethrough. A trigger mechanism inside the trigger housing iscomprised of a spring connecting the trigger housing to the flexiblearms, and a double leaf spring lock clip. The lock clip is positionednear the distal end of the needle cannula, such that the tip of theneedle cannula is exposed through an aperture in the lock clip. A firstleaf of the lock clip removably engages the flexible arms and a secondleaf of the lock clip engages the trigger housing. The second leaf ofthe lock clip includes a distal needle tip cover which, prior totriggering, is in contact with the needle cannula near its distal end,thus keeping the needle tip cover out of alignment with the apertures ofthe trigger housing and the lock clip. Prior to use for administering aninjection, the spring biases the trigger housing and the lock clip inthe distal direction, preventing proximal movement of the triggerhousing and the lock clip along the shaft of the needle cannula, andmaintaining engagement of the first leaf of the lock clip with theflexible arms.

In one or more embodiments, the needle hub of the drug delivery safetydevice may be attached to the barrel of a syringe by attachment of theneedle hub to the collar of the syringe barrel.

In one or more embodiments, the spring may be a spring coil or a leafspring.

In one or more embodiments, the trigger housing may be configured to fitover an end-cap connecting the at least two flexible arms. The end-capincludes an aperture aligned with the apertures of the trigger housingand the lock clip, permitting the needle cannula to pass therethrough.In one or more embodiments, the end-cap may be integrally molded withthe at least two flexible arms.

In one or more embodiments, the spring may surround the end-cap and,prior to use, be biased against the distal interior wall of the triggerhousing, thereby forcing the trigger housing and lock clip distally tomaintain engagement of the first leaf of the lock clip with the at leasttwo flexible arms.

In one or more embodiments, the first leaf of the lock clip mayremovably engage the at least two arms by removable engagement with theend-cap, e.g., by means of a proximal hook on the first leaf whichengages a shelf on the end-cap.

When the drug delivery safety device is used to administer an injection,a distally-directed force applied to the trigger housing compresses thespring, moving the trigger housing and the lock clip proximally towardthe at least two flexible arms. This movement allows the first leaf ofthe lock clip to disengage from the end-cap. Tension released from thefirst leaf of the lock clip allows it to flex to an unloaded state, thusmaintaining the disengaged position during continued proximal movementof the trigger housing. After disengagement, the needle can be insertedto the desired depth with the at least two flexible arms flexingoutward. Upon removal of the needle cannula from the skin,post-injection, the spring fully decompresses and the trigger housingmoves distally along the shaft of the needle cannula past the distaltip. At this point the needle tip cap of the second leaf of the lockclip is released from contact with the needle cannula and flexes intothe needle tip covering position. Typically, the force required to movethe trigger housing and release the first leaf of the lock clip is lessthan the force to flex the two or more flexible arms so that the passiveshielding mechanism is triggered within a short distance duringinjection

In one or more embodiments, the drug safety delivery device may furthercomprise structure for preventing triggering of the passive safetymechanism prior to administering the injection. This feature allows thedevice to be used to fill a syringe prior to injection withoutactivating the passive shielding system. The anti-triggering structureis removed or disabled after filling of the syringe so that the passiveshielding system becomes available for triggering during injection. Inone or more embodiments, the anti-triggering structure may comprise aremovable cap or sleeve which includes a rib to hold the first leaf ofthe lock clip in the engaged position and constrain proximal motion ofthe trigger housing during fill. Subsequent to filling the syringe, thecap is removed to allow proximal movement of the trigger housing andpassive shielding upon injection. In certain embodiments, theanti-triggering component includes a removable fill cap which covers theneedle cannula exposed at the distal end of the removable cap or sleeveprior to filling the syringe.

In an alternative embodiment, the anti-triggering component may comprisea bracket and pull-pin. The bracket (e.g., a “U” bracket) engages thedrug delivery safety device in either side of the trigger housing toconstrain movement of the trigger housing during the syringe fillingprocess. The pull-pin facilitates removal of the bracket by pulling itto the side. This permits proximal movement of the trigger housing andpassive shielding upon injection. This embodiment may also comprise aremovable fill cap to cover the exposed needle cannula prior to fillingthe syringe. The fill cap may include a slot to accommodate fitting overthe side pull-pin.

The user first removes the fill cap to fill the syringe which, due tothe anti-triggering constraints of the removable sleeve or cap, can bedone multiple times. When the user desires to administer an injection,the second component of the anti-triggering mechanism (e.g., sleeve/capor bracket/pull pin) is removed from the drug delivery safety device topermit triggering of the passive safety feature during the injection. Ifthe user intends to delay using the filled syringe for administering aninjection, the fill cap can be re-applied until such time as injectionis desired. In this case, the fill cap and second component are bothremoved prior to injection to allow triggering.

In any of these three aspects, it is to be understood that the needletip may be exposed through the distal end of the housing of the lockingmechanism or the housing may cover the needle tip provided that theneedle tip is exposed through the distal end of the lock clip.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows one embodiment of the drug safety delivery device.

FIG. 2 shows one embodiment of a body and rotating cam assembly of thedrug safety delivery device.

FIG. 3 shows one embodiment of the drug safety delivery device.

FIG. 4 shows one embodiment of a rotating cam.

FIG. 5 shows a second embodiment of a drug safety delivery device.

FIG. 6 shows a second embodiment of a drug safety delivery device.

FIG. 7 shows one embodiment of a Y-clip of the drug safety deliverydevice.

FIG. 8 shows one embodiment of an anti-triggering device for use withthe drug safety delivery device.

FIG. 9 shows a third embodiment of a drug safety delivery device.

FIG. 10 shows a third embodiment of a drug safety delivery device.

FIG. 11A-C shows one embodiment of a trigger housing usable with thedrug safety delivery device. FIG. 11A shows details of the triggerhousing prior to injection, FIG. 11B shows details of the triggerhousing upon triggering of the passive safety mechanism duringinjection, and FIG. 11C shows details of the trigger housing inneedle-protecting locked position post-injection.

FIG. 12. shows one embodiment of a double leaf spring lock clip.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

As used herein, the term “proximal,” “proximally-directed” and relatedterms with respect to the drug safety delivery device refer to adirection toward the needle hub or toward the syringe when the drugsafety delivery device is attached to a syringe.

As used herein the term “distal, “distally-directed” and related termswith respect to the drug safety delivery device refer to a directiontoward the needle tip or toward the patient's skin when the device is inuse for administering an injection.

Before describing several exemplary embodiments, it is to be understoodthat the disclosure not limited to the details of construction orprocess steps set forth in the following description. The disclosure iscapable of other embodiments and of being practiced or being carried outin various ways.

In general, provided are safety devices for passive shielding the distaltip of a needle cannula after it is used for injection. The safetydevices include a collapsible or flexible structure directly orindirectly connecting the needle hub to a locking clip positioned at thedistal end of the needle cannula. Initially, prior to use, the needletip is exposed through the locking clip. The collapsible or flexiblestructure is longitudinally oriented between the needle hub and thelocking clip, and surrounds, or runs adjacent to, the cannula. Prior touse of the safety device there is stored energy in the form of tensionon the safety device which prevents the safety device from triggeringand keeps the needle tip exposed for use. When the needle tip isinserted into the skin of the patient, the stored energy in the systemis released and the safety device is activated or triggered. However,once activation occurs, the safety device does not shield the needle aslong as the needle remains in the skin. This permits the user tocontinue to insert the needle to the desired depth. Only upon removal ofthe needle from the skin does the activated safety device automaticallyadvance the locking clip forward to cover the tip of the needle, therebyautomatically and passively preventing needle stick injury as soon asthe injection is completed. In certain embodiments, the safety devicesinclude additional components which allow for filling of a syringe,without triggering the passive safety mechanism, prior to injection.

These features can be achieved by several embodiments of the safetydevice. In addition to the advantages of automatic and immediateshielding of the used needle, these several embodiments provide theadvantage of requiring less force against the patient's skin duringinjection to trigger the passive safety mechanism. The various aspectsand embodiments also provide a passive mechanism for shielding a needlewhich activates during injection over a shorter stroke distance.

The Rotating Force Trigger

One embodiment, shown generally in FIG. 1, is referred to herein as the“rotating force trigger.” The rotating force trigger drug deliverysafety device 10 comprises a needle hub 12 for attachment of drugdelivery safety device 10 to a syringe, needle hub 12 having an attachedneedle cannula 14. A body 16, which engages needle hub 12, encloses arotating cam 18. Rotating cam 18 engages body 16 through a slot in asidewall 20 of body 16. As shown in more detail in FIG. 2, the slotcomprises three segments: a proximal angled lead ramp 22, a ledge 24 atthe distal end of the angled lead ramp for seating the rotating cam, andan axial slot portion 26 distal to the ledge.

As illustrated in FIG. 3, needle cannula 14 is surrounded by a flexiblehousing 28 which connects rotating cam 18 to a lock clip 30 near thedistal end of needle cannula 14 such that needle cannula 14 issubstantially covered by the flexible housing but distal tip 32 of thecannula is exposed. The passive shielding system includes a triggermechanism comprising a first spring 34 which connects rotating cam 18 tolock clip 30 and a second spring 36 in body 16 extending from rotatingcam 18 proximally toward needle hub 12. First spring 34 biases lock clip30 distally and second spring 36 biases rotating cam 18 distally. Lockclip 30 may be housed in a cap 38 which is attached to flexible housing28.

An embodiment of rotating cam 18, configured for engagement with twoslots opposite each other in body 16, is illustrated in more detail inFIG. 4. Tabs 40 are configured to engage the slots in body 16. Wings 42may be present on the periphery of rotating cam 18 for engagement withthreads or channels on the interior wall of body 16 to facilitate smoothrotation in only one direction. Wings 42 start in an un-flexed stateand, as rotating cam 18 rotates, wings 42 may ride over ribs on theinner surface of housing 16. The ribs and head of wings 42 have biasedramps such that a ratchet is created. This prevents tabs 40 fromreengaging with ledge 24 of body 16 during distal travel. Tabs 40 may becylindrical to allow for a line contact area with angled lead ramp 22 orthey may have a matching helix to increase the contact area, reducingbinding and resistance to motion.

An anti-triggering component usable with the drug delivery safety deviceis also shown in FIG. 1. The anti-triggering component is a removableanti-triggering sleeve 44 which is hollow and configured to fit overdrug safety delivery device 10 to engage body 16. An interior surface 46of anti-triggering sleeve 44 includes a rib 48 configured to engageaxial slot portion 26 and prevent rotation of rotating cam 18 whensleeve 44 is in place. Removable fill cap 50 covers the distal openingof anti-triggering sleeve 44 to prevent access to needle cannula 14until the syringe is to be filled, at which time it is removed and rib48 of sleeve 44 engaged in axial slot portion 26 prevents rotation ofrotating cam 18 during fill. When the syringe is filled and an injectionis to be administered, removable anti-triggering sleeve 44 is removedfrom drug delivery safety device 10. This anti-triggering configurationalso allows for a very low force trigger at time of use, because theanti-trigger rib prevents triggering during shipping and shelf storage.

The Linear Distance Trigger

One embodiment, shown generally in FIGS. 5 and 6, is referred to hereinas the “linear distance trigger.” This drug delivery safety device 60comprises a spring 62 connecting a needle hub 12 to a lock clip 30 nearthe distal end of the needle cannula 14. Needle hub 12 providesattachment of drug delivery safety device 60 to a syringe 94. A flexiblehousing 28 surrounds needle cannula 14 and connects Y-clip 72 to lockclip 30 such that needle cannula 14 is substantially covered by flexiblehousing 28 but the distal tip 32 of cannula 14 is exposed.

A body 64 fittingly engages needle hub 12. Body 64 has an inner cavity66 with proximal end 68 and distal end 70, and a Y-clip 72 disposed ininner cavity 66. First arm 74 and second arms 76 of Y-clip 72 are heldopen by engagement, respectively, with first pocket 78 and second pocket80 at the distal end of the inner cavity and by force of spring 62 whichbiases the first and second arms toward the “splayed” or “open”position. First and second arms 74, 76 of Y-clip 72 have angled surfaces73, as shown in more detail in FIG. 7. Lock clip 30 is housed in a cap86 which is attached to flexible housing 28.

Y-clip 72 is shown in more detail in FIG. 7, including a sleeve 82 whichfittingly engages needle hub 12 and includes aperture 84 which permitsneedle cannula 14 to pass therethrough. Travel stop 85 is a protrudingmember that engages with a lip on the inside of body 64 to limit distaltravel of the Y-clip.

FIG. 8 illustrates an anti-triggering component for use with. drugdelivery safety device 60. Removable anti-triggering cap 86 comprises anouter wall 88 configured to fit over the outside of body 64.Anti-triggering cap 86 further comprises an interior wall 90 which sitsbetween first and second arms 74, 76 of Y-clip 72 when anti-triggeringcap 86 is in place. Interior wall 90 thus prevents release of first andsecond arms 74, 76 from first and second pockets 78, 80. Removable fillcap 92 covers the distal end of drug delivery safety device 60 toprevent access to needle cannula 14 until syringe 94 is to be filled, atwhich time it is removed and Y-clip 72 prevents movement of first andsecond arms 74, 76 during fill. When syringe 94 is filled and aninjection is to be administered, anti-triggering cap 86 is removed fromdrug delivery safety device 60.

Front-End Trigger

One embodiment, shown generally in FIG. 9, is referred to as the“front-end trigger.” This drug delivery safety device 100 comprises aneedle hub 12 with a needle cannula 14 for attachment to a syringe 94,and at least two flexible arms 102 axially adjacent to needle cannula 14to connect a trigger housing 104 to needle hub 12. As shown in FIGS. 10and 11, trigger housing 104 includes an aperture 106 in a distal wall108 thereof, through which distal tip 32 of cannula 14 is exposed. Atrigger mechanism inside trigger housing 104 is comprised of a spring110 (shown in FIG. 11) connecting trigger housing 104 to flexible arms102. The trigger mechanism also includes a double leaf spring lock clip112, shown in detail in FIG. 12, having a first leaf 114 which removablyengages flexible arms 102 and a second leaf 116 which engages triggerhousing 104 to retain lock clip 112 within trigger housing 104. Secondleaf 116 includes a distal needle tip cover 118 which, prior totriggering (FIG. 11A), is in contact with the needle cannula to keepneedle tip cover 118 out of alignment with aperture 106 of triggerhousing 104 and aperture 120 of lock clip 112.

An end-cap 122 connects the distal ends of the two flexible arms.Trigger housing 104 fits over end-cap 122. As shown in FIGS. 11A-C,spring 110 indirectly connects lock clip 112 to flexible arms 102 viaengagement with end-cap 122. The end-cap includes an aperture 124aligned with aperture 106 of trigger housing 104 and aperture 120 oflock clip 112.

FIG. 9 also shows an anti-triggering component for use with drugdelivery safety device 100. Removable anti-triggering sleeve 126 ishollow and configured to fit over drug safety delivery device 100 toengage needle hub 12. Anti-triggering sleeve 126 includes a ribconfigured to hold down first leaf 114 of lock clip 112. Removableanti-triggering sleeve 126 constrains motion of trigger housing 104 whenin place. Removable fill cap 128 covers the distal opening ofanti-triggering sleeve 126 to prevent access to needle cannula 14 untilthe syringe is to be filled, at which time it is removed and the rib ofanti-triggering sleeve 126 prevents disengagement of first leaf 114 fromflexible arms 102. When syringe 94 is filled and an injection is to beadministered, removable sleeve 126 is removed from drug delivery safetydevice 100.

Reference throughout this specification to “one embodiment,” “certainembodiments,” “various embodiments,” “one or more embodiments” or “anembodiment” means that a particular feature, structure, material, orcharacteristic described in connection with the embodiment is includedin at least one embodiment of the disclosure. Thus, the appearances ofthe phrases such as “in one or more embodiments,” “in certainembodiments,” “in various embodiments,” “in one embodiment” or “in anembodiment” in various places throughout this specification are notnecessarily referring to the same embodiment of the disclosure.Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, orcharacteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or moreembodiments.

Although the disclosure herein provided a description with reference toparticular embodiments, it is to be understood that these embodimentsare merely illustrative of the principles and applications of thedisclosure. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that variousmodifications and variations can be made to the present disclosurewithout departing from the spirit and scope thereof. Thus, it isintended that the present disclosure include modifications andvariations that are within the scope of the appended claims and theirequivalents.

What is claimed is:
 1. A drug delivery safety device comprising: aneedle hub including a cannula having a distal tip; a body configured toengage the needle hub, the body comprising a rotating cam engaged in atleast one slot through a sidewall of the body, the slot comprising aproximal angled lead ramp, a ledge for seating the rotating cam distalto the lead ramp, and an axial slot portion distal to the ledge; aflexible housing surrounding the needle cannula connecting the rotatingcam to a lock clip at a distal end of the needle cannula such that thedistal tip of the cannula is exposed distal to the lock clip; a triggermechanism comprising a first spring connecting the rotating cam to thelock clip and a second spring extending from the rotating cam proximallytoward the needle hub, wherein the second spring applies sufficientforce to the rotating cam in a distal direction to seat the rotating camon the ledge; wherein a proximally-directed force applied to the lockclip which is greater than the distal force of the second springcompresses the first spring, releases tension on the flexible housingand moves the rotating cam in a proximal direction off of the ledge andalong the angled lead ramp, thereby causing rotation of the rotatingcam; and wherein a subsequent decrease in the proximal force applied tothe lock clip decompresses the first spring and the second spring movesthe rotating cam distally in the axial slot portion such that the lockclip moves in a distal direction to cover the distal tip of the cannula.2. The drug delivery safety device of claim 1, wherein the lock clip ishoused in a cap attached to the flexible housing, the cap including anaperture to permit the cannula to pass therethrough.
 3. The drugdelivery safety device of claim 2, wherein the flexible housing isselected from the group consisting of a spring coil, a butterfly spring,a film tube, a filament, a zig-zag coil, telescoped sleeves and arolled-sheet coil.
 4. The drug delivery safety device of claim 2,wherein the flexible housing is slack when the drug delivery safetydevice is in a pre-injection configuration.
 5. The drug delivery safetydevice of claim 1, wherein the first and second springs comprise asingle spring fed through the rotating cam.
 6. The drug delivery safetydevice of claim 1, wherein the at least one slot is two slots onopposite sides of the body.
 7. The drug delivery safety device of claim1, wherein the lock clip is a hook clip or a two-piece clip.
 8. The drugdelivery safety device of claim 1 which is attached to a syringe via theneedle hub.
 9. The drug delivery safety device of claim 1, furthercomprising a removable anti-triggering sleeve which fits over the bodyand prevents triggering of the trigger mechanism, the sleeve comprising:a hollow body having an interior surface; and a protrusion on theinterior surface which engages the axial slot portion of the body,thereby preventing movement and rotation of the rotating cam.
 10. Thedrug delivery safety device of claim 9, wherein the protrusion is a rib.11. The drug delivery safety device of claim 9, further comprising afill cap covering the exposed distal tip of the cannula.